一、现在完成进行时的定义

现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去。如：

Those cats have been screaming for hours. 那些猫叫了半天了。

We have been waiting for him for two hours. 我们等他等了两个小时。

The dollar has been climbing steadily all week. 整个星期美元一直在稳步增值。

二、现在完成进行时的结构

 现在完成进行时由“have / has been + 现在分词”构成。如：

Sales have been dropping off badly. 销售量一直减少得很厉害。

I have been waiting for an hour and a half. 我一直等了一个半小时了。

We’ll have been living here for two years by next Sunday. 到下星期日，我们在这里就住了整两年了。

三、现在完成进行时有哪些主要用法

1. 表示“持续”：

即表示一个从过去某时开始一直持续的动作，这动作可能刚刚停止，也可能还在进行。如：

She has been pruning the roses. 她一直在修剪玫瑰。

He’s been helping himself to my stationery. 他未经许可一直用我的文具。

The children have been having a lot of fun. 孩子们一直玩得很开心。

She is very tired. She’s been working all morning. 她很累。她干了一早晨了。

Tom has been seeing about a work permit for you. 汤姆一直在想办法给你弄一个工作许可证。

The tobacco industry has been trying to improve its image. 烟草行业一直在试图改善其形象。

It has come to our knowledge that you have been cheating the company. 据我们了解你一直欺骗公司。

The group has been living in a remote corner of the Cambodian jungle. 该部落一直居住在柬埔寨的丛林深处。

2. 表示“重复”

即表示在一段持续的时间内动作的多次重复，而这个重复的动作在说话时并不一定在进行。如：

We’ve all along been making mistakes like this. 我们一直犯这样的错误。

Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the past week. 一星期以来吉姆每天晚上给詹妮打电话。

四、与现在完成进行连用的主要时间状语

现在完成进行时所用的时间状语：all day / month; this month / week / year; these days; recently / lately; in the past few + 时间段; since +时间点; for + 时间段，等等。如：

He has been working all day. 他整天都在工作。

They have been building the bridge for two month. 两个月来他们一直在修桥。

They have been planting trees this month. 这个月来他们一直在植树。

 Car sales have been shrinking recently. 汽车销量近来一直在下降。

Vera has been trying to learn Chinese for years. 维拉努力学汉语已有好几年了。

He has been sleeping for ten hours. 他已经睡了十个小时了。

Jim has been phoning Jenny every night for the last week. 上星期，吉姆天天晚上都给詹妮打电话。

The two parties have been trying to unite since the New Year. 自从新年以来，双方就一直在试图联手。

五、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别

1. 现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时强调动作的延续，因此，表示动作的完成，只能用现在完成时，而不能用现在完成进行时。如：

He has changed his idea. 他改变了想法。

2. 在表示动作的延续时，虽然既可用现在完成时，也可用现在完成进行时，但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。因此在需要明确表示动作还要持续下去时，应用现在完成进行时。如：

We have been studying here for two years. 我们在这儿已经学习了两年了。